Challenges:

• High import dependency: Given India’s reliance on imports, disruptions in global supply chains due to geopolitical conflicts directly impact availability and prices.
• Limited production growth: While production has increased marginally from 385.39 LMT in 2014-15 to 435.95 LMT in 2021-22, it remains insufficient to meet domestic demand fully.
• Fluctuating global prices: As oil prices rise due to regional conflicts, the cost of petroleum-based fertilizers will likely surge, raising India’s fertilizer import costs.
• Environmental concerns: The overuse of chemical fertilizers raises concerns about soil health and long-term sustainability.

Recommendations and way forward:

• Expand domestic production: Continue setting up new urea plants, similar to the six new plants established since the 2012 investment policy. Boosting domestic capacity could mitigate dependency on imports.
• Promote alternative solutions: Adopt nano-urea, encourage natural farming methods, and expand bio-fertilizer use to reduce chemical fertilizer dependency.
• Invest in R&D: Encourage research and innovation in alternative fertilizers and efficient farming practices.
• Policy reforms: Create an environment that encourages private and cooperative sector investment in fertilizer production.
• Long-term sustainability initiatives: Implement soil health management programs and train farmers in efficient fertilizer use.

   Conclusion:

Addressing India’s fertilizer challenges requires a mix of increased domestic production, innovative practices, and strategic policy support. The government’s steps toward self-sufficiency, alongside sustainable practices, will be crucial to stabilizing the agricultural sector in the face of global uncertainties.